FIQIH DAN POLITIK EKOLOGI: STUDI KOMPARATIF PENDEKATAN MUHAMMADIYAH DAN NAHDHATUL ULAMA TERHADAP KRISIS LINGKUNGAN

Abstract

This research aims to explore the differing approaches of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the two largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, toward the environmental crisis. The research method employed is normative-shar'i theology with a fiqh siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence) approach, as well as political ecology. Primary data were obtained from the fatwas of the Muhammadiyah’s Majelis Tarjih and NU’s Lajnah Bahtsul Masail concerning ecology. Secondary data were sourced from journals, books, and other relevant references to support the research, and analyzed qualitatively through a literature study. The results of this study show that the fundamental difference in the approaches of Muhammadiyah and NU in responding to the environmental crisis in Indonesia lies in their application of taqlid (adherence to established authority). Muhammadiyah bases its approach on the direct analysis of the Qur'an and Sunnah, whereas NU follows the qauly (classical opinion-based) tradition. In terms of political movement, Muhammadiyah emphasizes normative regulatory aspects with a modernist tendency, while NU prioritizes the welfare of the ummah through outreach in rural areas, reflecting a more traditionalist character. The implications of these differing approaches include variations in action-based movements, public policy engagement, socio-religious discourse, education, and advocacy. The conclusion of this research suggests that the differences between Muhammadiyah and NU should be seen as a valuable asset that can complement each other in the context of multicultural life.